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This article is about the Christian term. For other uses, encounter Built-in Again.

Evangelical Christian term

Born again, or to experience the new nascence, is a phrase, particularly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human being spirit. In dissimilarity to one'south concrete birth, being "born again" is distinctly and separately caused past baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not caused past baptism in water. Information technology is a core doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must be built-in once again before you can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines besides mandate that to be both "born once more" and "saved", one must accept a personal and intimate human relationship with Jesus Christ.[i] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

In contemporary Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is being or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "born again" (significant in the "Holy Spirit") often state that they have a "personal human relationship with Jesus Christ".[7] [5] [half dozen]

In addition to using this phrase with those who exercise not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians apply the phrase and deliver those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This practice is based on the belief that non-Evangelical Christians, even those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "born over again" and do not have a "personal relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should evangelize to non-Evangelical Christians in the aforementioned way that they would evangelize to people who do not profess the Christian organized religion.

The phrase "born once more" is as well used every bit an adjective to depict individual members of the movement who espouse this conventionalities, and it is as well used as an adjective to describe the motion itself ("born-again Christian" and the "built-in-again move").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting past Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an event in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were non understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born once again." "How tin can someone be born when they are sometime?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a 2nd time into their mother's womb to exist born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you lot, no ane tin can enter the kingdom of God unless they are built-in of h2o and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter 3, verses 3–5, NIV[8]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The give-and-take translated every bit again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "again", or "from above".[9] The double entendre is a figure of speech that the gospel writer uses to create cliffhanger or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is so clarified past either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes just the literal meaning from Jesus'southward statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more of a spiritual rebirth from above. English translations accept to pick one sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, King James Version, and Revised Version apply "born over again", while the New Revised Standard Version[x] and the New English Translation[xi] prefer the "born from above" translation.[12] Most versions will note the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "built-in from to a higher place" is to be preferred as the cardinal meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[13] "birth from God",[fourteen] just maintains that this necessarily carries with information technology an emphasis upon the newness of the life equally given by God himself.[fifteen]

The final use of the phrase occurs in the First Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version every bit:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, [run across that ye] honey one another with a pure eye fervently: / Being built-in again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the give-and-take of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—1 Peter ane:22-23[16]

Hither, the Greek word translated equally "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish agreement of the promise of salvation is interpreted as being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in fault—that every person must have two births—natural birth of the physical body and another of the water and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Campaigner Peter further reinforced this understanding in 1 Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the archaic church over the estimation of the expression the seed of Abraham. Information technology is [the Apostle Paul'southward] teaching in one instance that all who are Christ's past faith are Abraham'south seed, and heirs according to promise. He is concerned, still, with the fact that the promise is non being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective modify wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such as new nativity, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the listen, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to light.[21]

Jesus used the "nativity" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Contemporary Christian theologians accept provided explanations for "born from above" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek discussion transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is pregnant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attending to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the word "once again" does non include the source of the new kind of beginning;
  2. More than personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early on example of the term in its more modern use appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none can exist holy unless he exist born again", and "except he be born again, none can exist happy even in this world. For ... a man should non be happy who is not holy." Also, "I say, [a man] may be born once again and and so get an heir of conservancy." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are born once more, but for adults information technology is dissimilar:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same time born again. ... But ... information technology is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are not at the same fourth dimension born again.[24]

A Unitarian piece of work called The Gospel Ballast noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "Information technology was not regarded by any of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to record." It adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that it was necessary for 1 to be built-in again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to apply to Nicodemus particularly, and not to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to ascertain how closely the stories of Jesus match the historical events they are based on, by and large treat Jesus'southward conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a private chat between Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attention, making it unclear how a record of this chat was acquired. In addition, the conversation is recorded in no other aboriginal Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger issue is that the same problem English language translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language besides: there is no single word in Aramaic that ways both "again" and "from above", yet the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the chat was betwixt two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native language, there is no reason to think that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that fifty-fifty if based on a existent chat, the author of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-over again question on three occasions ... 'Would you say you have been 'born again' or accept had a 'born-again' experience?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, blackness, and Latino Protestants tend to respond similarly, with about two-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In dissimilarity, only virtually i third of mainline Protestants and one 6th of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-over again experience." Yet, the handbook suggests that "born-again questions are poor measures fifty-fifty for capturing evangelical respondents. ... information technology is likely that people who report a born-again experience too claim it equally an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the archetype text from John 3 was consistently interpreted by the early church building fathers equally a reference to baptism.[29] Modern Catholic interpreters have noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'built-in once again'[30] is clarified as 'existence built-in of water and Spirit'.[31]

Cosmic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the first of this new life, are said to come about ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of water and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church building regarded as taking place through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "proclamation of the Word, acceptance of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of religion, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and access to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; it makes the newly baptized person a new animal and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Body of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bond of unity leaving an indelible marking on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the enduring spiritual mark (grapheme) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from begetting the fruits of conservancy. Given one time for all, Baptism cannot be repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each attribute of the motility of grace. "The beginning work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, homo turns toward God and abroad from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Catholic Church also teaches that under special circumstances the need for water baptism tin be superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul Ii wrote in Catechesi Tradendae nigh "the trouble of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the religion and still without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[twoscore] He noted that "being a Christian ways proverb 'yep' to Jesus Christ, merely let us remember that this 'aye' has ii levels: Information technology consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, merely information technology also means, at a afterward stage, endeavoring to know better—and better the profound significant of this word."[41]

The modern expression being "born again" is really about the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published by the United States Briefing of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the acceptance of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to adapt one'south life to his."[42] To put information technology more simply "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine delivery to him and a personal conclusion to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul II, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our modern globe chosen the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who have never made a personal commitment to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular culture, to those who have lost a sense of organized religion, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Cosmic Men's Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Military Society of Republic of malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal meet with Jesus Christ every bit a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The born-again feel is not just an emotional, mystical high; the really important matter is what happened in the convert's life after the moment or flow of radical change."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are cleansed of our sins and born again and renewed in Holy Baptism past the Holy Ghost. But she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Former Adam so that daily a new man come along and ascend who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Nativity, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a joyful feel, in which the individual "accepts Christ equally Lord" afterward which organized religion "daily grows inside the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a man because he wanted to provide a design for future generations" and "a converted person could endeavor to alive in his paradigm and daily become more similar Jesus."[46] As such, "heart religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, peculiarly missionary piece of work, to spread the faith.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born again is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church in article 15, entitled "Of Christ lonely without Sin". In part, it reads: "sin, as S. John saith, was not in Him. But all we the balance, although baptized and born again in Christ, even so offend in many things: and if nosotros say we accept no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in u.s.."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born once more in Christ" occurs in Article XV, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John 3:three.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one's regeneration, which is of condolement to the laic.[50] The time of 1's regeneration, yet, is a mystery to oneself co-ordinate to the Canons of Dort.[50]

According to the Reformed churches beingness born once more refers to "the inwards working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to respond to the effectual call". According to the Westminster Shorter Canon, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to u.s. the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the discussion, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the work of God'due south Spirit, whereby, convincing united states of america of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to the states in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or being born once more is the will of God. God first sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and only in issue of that exercise we human action. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God volition do. Regeneration is a change wrought in us past God, not an autonomous act performed past us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Fundamental Yearly Meeting of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial salvation (Tit. 3:5), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. five:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, 16)."[3] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Birth], there is a "transformation in the middle of the believer wherein he finds himself a new creation in Christ (2 Cor. 5:17; Col. one:27)."[3]

Following the New Birth, George Fob taught the possibility of "holiness of center and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for salvation because it marks the movement toward holiness. That comes with faith."[i] John Wesley, held that the New Nascency "is that great change which God works in the soul when he brings it into life, when he raises it from the decease of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new nativity is considered the starting time work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, land that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new nativity."[60] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must exist built-in again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Admit Him to your heart. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt exist saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Nascency contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new nativity occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, ii split and singled-out acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the punishment of sin (Romans 3:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought past religion in the claim of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans 5:1). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral character of human being, from the love and life of sin to the dearest of God and the life of righteousness (ii Corinthians 5:17; 1 Peter one:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is built-in once again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who have been built-in once again, according to Baptist pedagogy, know that they are "a kid of God considering the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost past Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Dice Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new nativity (first work of grace), unabridged sanctification (2d work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, as evidenced by glossolalia, as the third work of grace.[65] [66] The New Birth, co-ordinate to Pentecostal education, imparts "spiritual life".[4]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah'southward Witnesses believe that individuals exercise not accept the power to choose to be born again, only that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[67] Only those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be born once again.[68] [69]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the need for everyone to be reborn of God.[lxx]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "born again" is used by several Christian denominations, but there are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to be built-in-once again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should inquire [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you born again—the way the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has not been properly h2o baptized, he has not been born again "the Bible way," regardless of what he may retrieve.[71]

On the other mitt, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he also is "born again." ... All the same, what the committed Catholic means is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either as an infant or when as an adult he converted to Catholicism. That'southward not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must be born again."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which have different meanings for Catholics has become an effective tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be set apart from other outlooks in at to the lowest degree 2 ways.

Kickoff, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take place at any fourth dimension in a person's life, even in the womb. It is not somehow the automatic result of baptism. Second, information technology is common for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and religion leading to regeneration (i.eastward., people are built-in again only after they practice saving faith). By contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and will to exercise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - nosotros can do nothing on our ain to obtain it. God alone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to depict its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the water and the spirit. This remains the mutual understanding in nearly of Christendom, held, for example, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. Yet, sometime after the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born again [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-h2o baptism, and rooted in a commitment to i's own personal organized religion in Jesus Christ for conservancy. This same belief is, historically, also an integral part of Methodist doctrine,[79] [fourscore] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has frequently been identified with a definite, temporally datable course of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual blazon, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others information technology leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the order of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious meaning of history. With notwithstanding others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of dearest of neighbour. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at whatsoever given time equally "newness of life."[82]

According to J. Gordon Melton:

Built-in again is a phrase used by many Protestants to depict the phenomenon of gaining faith in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they have been taught as Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.[83]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a stardom between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction between liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems celebrated, like the sectionalisation between Catholic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine election past grace alone.[84]

The term born over again has become widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, first in the Usa and then around the world. Associated possibly initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born once more came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in gild to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in heaven, and was increasingly used every bit a term to identify devout believers.[12] Past the mid-1970s, built-in once again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media equally part of the born again movement.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson's book Born Again gained international discover. Time mag named him "I of the 25 most influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent and so that during the year's presidential campaign, Democratic party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself every bit "born once again" in the first Playboy mag interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to religion in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant function in solidifying the "born again" identity equally a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal encounter with God." He recalls:

while I saturday alone staring at the sea I honey, words I had not been certain I could empathise or say fell from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept You. Please come up into my life. I commit it to You." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my middle. There came something more than: force and serenity, a wonderful new assurance most life, a fresh perception of myself in the world around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the first President of the United States to publicly declare that he was built-in-again, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been born again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] land that "Ronald Reagan'south election that fall [was] aided past the votes of 61% of 'born-once again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.South. adults said they were born-again or evangelical; the 2004 percentage is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more than likely to place themselves as born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks saying they are born-again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are built-in-again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[90]

The Oxford Handbook of Faith and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-again' identification is associated with lower support for government anti-poverty programs." It likewise notes that "self-reported built-in-again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economical policy."[91]

Names which have been inspired by the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "built-in once again".[93]

See also [edit]

  • Altar call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-over again virgin – Person who commits to forbearance later having had sexual intercourse
  • Kid dedication – Act of consecration of children
  • Jesus move – Former evangelical Christian movement
  • Dvija – Twice-born status of Hindu male afterward Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner'southward prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Printing. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved 10 April 2014. The new birth is necessary for salvation because information technology marks the movement toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Lexicon of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. 50. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Organized religion and Practice of Central Yearly Coming together of Friends. Primal Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Wood, William Due west. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-3-11-204424-7.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of development: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Printing. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff fellow member in Globe Vision'south California office elaborated on the importance of being "born once again," emphasizing a central "relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that it's non merely a matter of going to Christ or being baptized when y'all are an infant. We believe that people need to exist regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The demand to be born over again. ...Y'all must be born again earlier yous can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born again believer is a personal feel of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert K. (1993). Beyond Born Again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. I have a personal human relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John three:iii-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick Due west., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early on Christian Literature, third ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically see the showtime (from in a higher place) and fourth (once again, afresh) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:3 NET
  11. ^ Jn three:3 Internet
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Culture, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:v
  14. ^ cf. Jn ane:12-thirteen; 1Jn 2:29, three:ix, iv:7, 5:18
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.N.(ed), The Quaternary Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Abroad the Veil: To Encounter Beyond the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Lexicon. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-8.
  19. ^ 1Peter i:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 November 2009.[one]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Book 3 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. thirty July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the Globe of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Over again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament IVa, John i-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John 3:3
  31. ^ John three:v
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John one-four, The International Disquisitional Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ 2 Corinthians 5:17; ii Peter 1:4
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External links [edit]

  • The New Nascence, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley's teaching on existence born over again, and argument that it is primal to Christianity.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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